Kvasny Prum. 2011; 57(7-8): 223-230 | DOI: 10.18832/kp2011023

Influence of application N and S on the chemical composition of barley corn and malt.Peer-reviewed article

Luděk HŘIVNA, Tomáš RADOCH, Gregor TOMÁŠ, Viera ŠOTTNÍKOVÁ, Radim CERKAL, Pavel RYANT, Josef PROKEŠ
1 Ústav technologie potravin, Agronomická fakulta, Mendelova univerzita v Brně, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno
2 Ústav pěstování, šlechtění rostlin a rostlinolékařství, Agronomická fakulta, Mendelova univerzita v Brně, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno
3 Ústav agrochemie, půdoznalství, mikrobiologie a výživy rostlin, Agronomická fakulta, Mendelova univerzita v Brně, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno
4 Výzkumný ústav pivovarský a sladařský, a. s., Sladařský ústav v Brně, Mostecká 7, 614 00 Brno

Within the scope of small-scale fields' experiments, the influence of application of sulphur and nitrogen (N1 = 30 kg N.ha-1, N2 = 50 kg N.ha-1) on the content of starch and proteins in barleycorn of Jersey variety was observed during vegetation in 2005 to 2009. There were also determined the content of sulphur amino acids in barleycorn and malt, and the content of precursors of dimethyl sulfide in malt. On average the highest content of starch (64,12 %) was detected after repeated application of fertilizer SAM 240, the lowest content (63,42 %) was detected after fertilization by LAV 27 in grain with subsequent fertilization DAM. Sulphate sulphur applied in fertilizer SAM 240 in DC 31 stage stabilized the content of starch in grain when using of higher doses of nitrogen. There was determined a medium dependence between the content of sulphur and starch. Higher dose of nitrogen rose the content of N in corn by 0,12 % and in combination with fertilization by sulphur it was by 0,24 %. Fertilization by sulphur rose the intake and utilization of N which is also proved by the medium dependence between the content of nitrogen and sulphur in barleycorn (r = 0,503**). The content of sulphur amino acids of nitrogen in barleycorn and precursors of dimethyl sulfide in malt was not significantly affected by sulphur supplements.Within the scope of small-scale fields' experiments, the influence of application of sulphur and nitrogen (N1 = 30 kg N.ha-1, N2 = 50 kg N.ha-1) on the content of starch and proteins in barleycorn of Jersey variety was observed during vegetation in 2005 to 2009. There were also determined the content of sulphur amino acids in barleycorn and malt, and the content of precursors of dimethyl sulfide in malt. On average the highest content of starch (64,12 %) was detected after repeated application of fertilizer SAM 240, the lowest content (63,42 %) was detected after fertilization by LAV 27 in grain with subsequent fertilization DAM. Sulphate sulphur applied in fertilizer SAM 240 in DC 31 stage stabilized the content of starch in grain when using of higher doses of nitrogen. There was determined a medium dependence between the content of sulphur and starch. Higher dose of nitrogen rose the content of N in corn by 0,12 % and in combination with fertilization by sulphur it was by 0,24 %. Fertilization by sulphur rose the intake and utilization of N which is also proved by the medium dependence between the content of nitrogen and sulphur in barleycorn (r = 0,503**). The content of sulphur amino acids of nitrogen in barleycorn and precursors of dimethyl sulfide in malt was not significantly affected by sulphur supplements.

Keywords: sulphur, nitrogen, barley, malt, starch, proteins, amino acids precursors of dimethyl sulfid

Received: May 24, 2011; Accepted: June 24, 2011; Published: July 1, 2011 

References

  1. Daemmgen, U., Walker, R., Grünhage, L., Jäger, H. J.: The atmospheric sulphur cycle. Nutr. Ecosystems 2, 1997, 75-114. Go to original source...
  2. Ceccotti, S. P., Morris, R. J., Messick, D. L.: Aglobal overview of the sulphur situation : industry s background, market trends, and commercial aspects of sulphur fertilisers. Nutr Ecosystems 2, 1997, 5-202. Go to original source...
  3. Duynsiveld, W. H. M, Strebel, O., Boettcher, J.: Prognose der Grundwasserqualität in einem Wassereinzugsgebiet mit Stofftransportmodellen. Berlin : Umweltbundesamt, Texte Umweltbundesamt 93/05 UBA-FB, 1993, 92-106.
  4. Bloem, E. M., Haneklaus, S., Schnug, E.: Influence of soil water regime expressed by diferences in terrain on sulphur nutritional status and yield of oilseed rape. In: Proc. 9th Int. Plant Coll. 1997, 140-144.
  5. Eriksen, J. : Sulphur cycling in Danish agricultural soils: turnover in organic S fractions. Soil Biol.Biochem. 29, 1997, 1371-1377. Go to original source...
  6. Asare, E., Scarisbrick, D. H.: Rate of nitrogen and sulphur fertilizers on yield, yield components and seed quality of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Field Crops Res., 1990, 41-46. Go to original source...
  7. McGrath, S. P., Zhao, F. J.: Sulphur uptake, yield responses and the interactions between nitrogen and sulphur in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Jour. Agric. Sci.126, 1996,: 53-62. Go to original source...
  8. Zhao, F. J., Hawkesford, M. J., Warilow A. G. S., McGrath, S. P., Clarkson, D. T.: Responses of two wheat varieties to sulphur addition and diagnosis of sulphur deficiency. Plant Soil 181, 1996, 317-323. Go to original source...
  9. Schnug, E.: Ökosystemare Auswirkungen des Einsatzes von Nährstoffen in der Landwirtschaft. In: Nährstoffe und Pflanzenschutzmittel in Agrarökosystemen. Schriftenreihe des Bundesministers für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten. Reihe A: Angewandte Wissenschaft, 1993, 25-48.
  10. Schnug, E., Haneklaus S.: Sulphur deficiency in Brassica napus. Landbauforschung Völkenrode, FAL, Braunschweig 144, 1994, 31.
  11. Richter R., Hřivna L.: Síra a její působení na výnos semene a obsah oleje u ozimé řepky. Agrochemie III. 39, 1999,: 7-10.
  12. Grzebisz, W., Przygocka-Cyna,W.: Spring malt barley response to elemental sulphur - the prognostic value of N and S concentrations in malt barley leaves. Plant Soil. Environ. 53, 2007, 388-394. Go to original source...
  13. Hřivna, L., Ryant P., Prokeš, P.: Vliv hnojení ječmene dusíkem a sírou na výnos a technologické parametry zrna a sladu. Agrochémia. 3/2007, 7-13.
  14. Tandon, H. L. S., Messick, D. L.: Practical sulphur guide.The Sulphur Institute, Wastighon, DC., 2002.
  15. McGrath, S. P., Zhao, F. J., Blake-Kalff, M. M. A.: Crop quality effects of sulphur and nitrogen. HGCA conference 2002: Agronomic intelligence: the basis for profitable production 12, 2002, 1-12.
  16. Tandon, H.L.S., Messick, D.L.: Practical sulphur guide.The Sulphur Institute, Wastighon, DC, 2002.
  17. Zhao, F. J., Fortune, S., Barbosa V. L. et al.: Effects of sulphur on yield and malting quality of barley. Journ. of Cereal Sci.. 43, 2006, 369-377. Go to original source...
  18. Potarzycki, J., Grzebisz, W.: Effect of phosphoric fertilizers as a source of sulphur on malt barley total and technological grain yields. Plant Soil.Environ. 53, 2007, 395-402. Go to original source...
  19. Narziss, L., Mienader, H., Bourjan, T.: Der Einfluß von Parameter der Maltz und Wűrzeherstellung auf den Gehalt an Dimethylsulfid und dessen Verläufer. Brauwissenschaft. 32, 1979, 62-69.
  20. Basařová, G., Šavel, J., Basař, P., Lejsek, T.: Pivovarství, teorie a praxe výroby piva. Vydavatelství VŠCHT Praha, 2010, 863 s.
  21. Basařová, G., et al.: Pivovarsko-sladařská analytika. Merkanta s r.o. Praha. 1992, 388.
  22. Davídek, J. a kol.: Laboratorní příručka analýzy potravin. SNTL, Praha, 1977, 720 s.
  23. Kosař, K., et al.:Kvalita sladovnického ječmene a technologie jeho pěstování. In.: Metodiky pro zemědělskou praxi. Praha: Ústav zemědělských a potravinářských technologií, č.3, 1997, 48 s.
  24. Kandera, M.: Účinok hnojenia dusíkom na úrody zrna jarného jačmeňa a jeho kvalitu. Rostlinná výroba 40,1994, 577-585.
  25. Kosař, K., Procházka, S., a kol.: Technologie výroby sladu a piva. VÚPS, Praha, 2000, 398 s.
  26. Moss, H. J., Randall, P. J., Wrigley, C.W.: Alteration to Grain, Flour and Dough Quality in Three Wheat Types with Variation in Soil Sulfur Supply. Journal of Cereal Science 1, 1983, 255-264. Go to original source...
  27. Wrigley,C.W., Du Gross, Fullington, J.G., Kasarda, D.D.:Changes in polypeptide composition and grain quality due to sulfur deficienty in wheat. Journal of Cereal Science 2, 1984, 15-24. Go to original source...
  28. Zhao, F. J., Salmon, S. E., Withers, P. J. A., Monaghan, J., Evans, E. J., Shewry, P. R., McGrath, S. P.: Variation in the breadmaking quality and rheological properties of wheat in relation to sulphur nutrition under field condition.Journal of Cereal Science 30, 1999, 19-31. Go to original source...
  29. Zhao, F.J., Salmon, S.E.,Withers, P.J.A., Evans, E.J., Monaghan, J. M., Shewry P. R., McGrath, S. P.: Responses of breadmaking quality to sulfur in three wheat varieties, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 79, 1999, 1865-1874. Go to original source...
  30. Pecio, A.: Środowiskowe i agrotechniczne uwarunkowania wielkości i jakości plonu ziarna jeczmienia browarnego. Fragm. Agronom. 4 (76), 2002, 112.
  31. Jez, J., et. al.:Sulfur: A Missink Link between Soils, Crops, and Nutrition. Madison, WI : American Society of Agronomy : Crop Science Society of America : Soil Science Society of America, 2008, 323 p. Go to original source...
  32. Shewry, P. R., Franklin, J., Parmar, S., Smith, S. J., Miflin, B. J.: The effects of sulphur starvation on the amino acid and protein compositions of barley grain. Journal of Cereal Science 1, 1983, 21-31. Go to original source...
  33. Shewry, P. R., Tatham, A. S., Halford, N. G.: Nutritional control of storage protein synthesis in developing grain of wheat and barley. Plant Growth Regulation 34, 2004, 105-111. Go to original source...
  34. Yang, B., Schwarz, P., Horsley, R.: Factors involved in the formation of two precursors of dimethylsulfide during malting. Journal of the Američan Society of Brewing Chemists. 56, 1998, 85-92. Go to original source...
  35. Haneklaus, S., Bloem, E., Schnug, E., De Kok, L.J., Stulen, I., Sulfur. In.: Allen, V. Barker, A., V., Pilbeam, D., J., (eds.): Handbook of plant nutrition. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis group, Boca Raton, 2007, 183-238.

Return to the content