Kvasny Prum. 2011; 57(6): 138-142 | DOI: 10.18832/kp2011011

Main gas chromatographic detectors used in brewing analytics.Peer-reviewed article

Tomáš HORÁK, Jiří ČULÍK, Marie JURKOVÁ, Pavel ČEJKA, Vladimír KELLNER, Josef DVOŘÁK, Danuša HAŠKOVÁ
Výzkumný ústav pivovarský a sladařský, a. s., Pivovarský ústav Praha, Lípová 15, 120 44 Praha 2

Gas chromatography is a very important analytical technique used for the determination of flavors which content is significant not only for monitoring of quality of final product but also in testing of new technological procedures. In brewing analytics the most frequently used gas chromatographic detectors are flame ionization detector (FID), electron capture detector (ECD), and flame photometric detector (FPD). This work is focused on principles of these detectors, their advantages and limitations during using in brewing analytics.Gas chromatography is a very important analytical technique used for the determination of flavors which content is significant not only for monitoring of quality of final product but also in testing of new technological procedures. In brewing analytics the most frequently used gas chromatographic detectors are flame ionization detector (FID), electron capture detector (ECD), and flame photometric detector (FPD). This work is focused on principles of these detectors, their advantages and limitations during using in brewing analytics.

Keywords: gas chromatography, flame ionization detector (FID), electron capture detector (ECD), flame photometric detector (FPD), brewing analytics

Received: March 13, 2011; Accepted: April 28, 2011; Published: June 1, 2011 

References

  1. European Brewery Convention. Analytica EBC, 5th update, Method 9.24.2 - Dimethyl sulphide and other lower boiling point volatile compounds in beer by gas chromatography. Verlag Hans Carl Getränke-Fachverlag: Nűrnberg, Germany, 2005.
  2. The Institute of Brewing, IOB methods of analysis, Vol. 1, Method 9.32 - Lower boiling point volatile compounds in beer by headspace gas chromatography.The Institute of Brewing, The Institute of Brewing: London, England, 1997.
  3. MEBAK, Brautechnische Analysenmethoden, Band II, Metode 1.1.1. - Leichtflüchtige Gärungsnebenprodukte - HeadspaceMethode, MEBAK Freising-Weihenstephan: Germany, 1996.
  4. The American Society of Brewing Chemists, ASBC Methods of Analysis, 2009 Edition, Beer - 29: Lower Boiling Volatiles in Beer or Ale. ASBC 2009, CD-ROM, ISBN 976-1-881696-17-9.
  5. Čulík, J., Figalla, K., Horák, T., Kellner, V.: Stanovení vyšších senzoricky aktivních alkoholů v pivě pomocí extrakce na pevné fázi a kapilární plynové chromatografie. Kvasny Prum. 45, 1999, 4-7. Go to original source...
  6. Horák, T., Čulík, J., Jurková, M., Čejka, P., Kellner, V.: Stanovení mastných kyselin v pivu technikou SPME.Kvasny Prum.51, 2005, 374-377. Go to original source...
  7. European Brewery Convention. Analytica EBC, 5th update, Method 9.24.2 - Vicinal diketones in beer: gas chromatographic method. Fachverlag Hans Carl, Nűrnberg, Germany, 2005.
  8. The Institute of Brewing. IOB methods of analysis, Vol. 1. Method 9.22 - Vicinal diketones in beer by gas chromatography: capillary column. The Institute of Brewing: London, England, 1997.
  9. The Institute of Brewing. IOB methods of analysis, Vol. 1. Method 9.23 - Vicinal diketones in beer by gas chromatography: packed column. The Institute of Brewing, London, England, 1997.
  10. MEBAK. Brautechnische Analysenmethoden, Band III., Metode 1.2.1. - Vicinal Diketone - Headspace-Methode, MEBAK Freising-Weihenstephan: Germany, 1996.
  11. The American Society of Brewing Chemists, ASBC Methods of Analysis, 2009 Edition, Beer - 25E: Diacetyl. ASBC 2009, CDROM, ISBN 976-1-881696-17-9.
  12. Horák, T., Čulík, J., Čejka, P., Jurková, M., Kellner, V.: Stanovení vicinálních diketonů v pivu metodou SPME. Kvasny Prum. 47, 2001, 316-321. Go to original source...
  13. MEBAK. Brautechnische Analysenmethoden, Band II, Metode 1.2.4. - 3-hydroxy-2-butanon (acetoin) - Headspace-Methode, MEBAK Freising-Weihenstephan: Germany, 1996.
  14. Čulík, J., Kellner, V., Frantík, F., Jurková, M.: Stanovení nižších alifatických halogenuhlovodíků v pivu pomocí statické a dynamické headspace analýzy. Kvasny Prum. 41, 1995, 105-110. Go to original source...
  15. Horák, T., Čulík, J., Jurková, M., Kellner, V.: Stanovení chlorovaných alifatických uhlovodíků v pivu. Kvasny Prum. 45, 1999, 317-320. Go to original source...
  16. Horák, T., Čulík, J., Kellner, V., Jurková, M., Čejka, P.:Využití SPE při stanovení chlorfenolů ve varní vodě a pivu. Kvasny Prum. 54, 2008, 2-5. Go to original source...
  17. Čulík, J., Horák, T., Kellner, V., Jurková, M., Čejka, P., Hašková, D., Dvořák. J.: Stanovení některých vedlejších produktů dezinfekce ve varní vodě a v pivu. Kvasny Prum. 56, 2010, 303-305. Go to original source...
  18. Horák, T., Jurková, M., Čulík, J., Kellner, V.: Stanovení polycyklických aromatických uhlovodíků a polychlorovaných bifenylů v pivě. Kvasny Prum. 45, 1999, 190-192. Go to original source...
  19. The Institute of Brewing. IOB methods of analysis, Vol. 1, Method 9.33 - Dimethyl sulphide in beer by gas chromatography. The Institute of Brewing, London, England, 1997.
  20. MEBAK, Brautechnische Analysenmethoden, Band III, Metode 1.3.1.1. - Freies DMS in Würze und Bier - Headspace-Methode, MEBAK Freising-Weihenstephan: Germany, 1996.
  21. MEBAK, Brautechnische Analysenmethoden, Band III, Metode 1.3.2. - DMS - Vorstufen in Würze, MEBAK Freising-Weihenstephan: Germany, 1996.
  22. MEBAK, Brautechnische Analysenmethoden, Band III, Metode 1.3.3. - DMS - Vorstufen in Malz, MEBAK Freising-Weihenstephan: Germany, 1996.
  23. Hill, P. G., Smith, R. M.: Determination of sulphur compounds in beer using headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatographic analysis with pulsed flame photometric detection. J. Chromatogr. A 872, 2000, 203-211. Go to original source...
  24. Xiao, Q., Yu, Ch., Xing, J., Hu, B.: Comparison of headspace and direct single-drop microextraction and headspace solid-phase microextraction for the measurement of volatile sulfur compounds in beer and beverage by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection. J. Chromatogr. A 1125, 2006, 133-137. Go to original source...
  25. Harley, J., Nel, W., Pretorious, V.: Nature, London, 181, 1958, 177. Go to original source...
  26. McWilliams, I. G., Dewer, R. A.: Gas Chromatography 1958, (Ed. D. H. Desty), Butterworths Scientific Publications.
  27. Ongkiehong, L.: Gas Chromatography 1960, (Ed. R. P. W. Scott) Butterworths, London, 1958, 9.
  28. Desty, D.H., Goldup, A., Geach, A.C.:Gas Chromatography 1960, (Ed. R. P. W. Scott) Butterworths, London, 1958, 156.
  29. Calcote, H. F., King, I. R.: "The Fifth Symposium on Combustion", New York (1955).
  30. Schuler, K. E., Weber, J. J.: J. Chem. Phys. 22 1954, 491. Go to original source...
  31. Swan, D. F. K. Three Selective Detectors. Pye Unican. 1975.
  32. Grant, D. W.: Gas Chromatography 1958, (Ed. D. H. Desty), Butterworths Scientific Publications, 1957, 153.