Kvasny Prumysl, 1985 (vol. 31), issue 7-8
Raw material problems.Peer-reviewed article
D. HAĽAMA
Kvasny Prum. 1985; 31(7-8): 145-147 | DOI: 10.18832/kp1985025 
The development of Czechoslovak biotechnology requires supplies of raw material. Problems and possibilities of their solution are discussed.(In Czech, English summary only)
Gene manipulations and classical genitics.Peer-reviewed article
Z. HOSTOMSKÝ
Kvasny Prum. 1985; 31(7-8): 147-149 | DOI: 10.18832/kp1985026
The review article follows the development of methods of gene manipulations and their impact on the rise of new biotechnologies. In this connection the techniques are discussed, including molecular cloning. DNA sequencing, chemical synthesis of DNA, site-directed mutagenesis and construction of hybrid genes which could, after transfer into convenient host organisms, be used in biotechnology.(In Czech, English summary only)
The employment of Mendel's laws in improvement of industrial microorganisms with the emphasis on yeast.Peer-reviewed article
V. KOVÁČOVÁ
Kvasny Prum. 1985; 31(7-8): 149-151 | DOI: 10.18832/kp1985027
Methods used for preparation of new forms of industrial microorganisms are described: introduction, the employment of natural selection and of selection of induced mutations, hybridization, protoplast fusion and gene manipulations. The Table shows phenotypic relationships at random spore analysis. The author states that all the methods hitherto known are of equal importance in selection of new forms of microorganisms.(In Slovak, English summary only)
Raw material problems.Peer-reviewed article
S. ROSYPAL
Kvasny Prum. 1985; 31(7-8): 151-154 | DOI: 10.18832/kp1985028
In this article the survey of our knowledge on the structure of the eukaryotic genome is presented. The following components of the eukaryotic genome are characterized: repeated groups of genes, gene families, dispersed genes, introns, exons, spacers, Alu sequences, pseudogenes, processed genes, transposable elements, structural genes coding for immunoglobulins.(In Czech, English summary only)
Emplyment of protoplasts for improvement of filamentous fungi.Peer-reviewed article
L. HOMOLKA
Kvasny Prum. 1985; 31(7-8): 154-157 | DOI: 10.18832/kp1985029
Interest in protoplasts has recently centered on their utilization as tools for certain new approaches to the genetic modification of bacteria, fungi, and plants. It is a case of protoplasts in recombinant DNA technology (gene engineering), and also in traditional mutation-selection approach, as the protoplasts proved out to be an excellent material for mutagenic treatment. Abovementioned methods, removing genetic barriers and giving new dimensions to the use of parasexual hybridization, have started to be intensively exploited in strain improvement programmes developed for industrial filamentous fungi, especially producers of antibiotics and other...
Biosynthesis control of microbial metabolites.Peer-reviewed article
V. BĚHAL
Kvasny Prum. 1985; 31(7-8): 157-159 | DOI: 10.18832/kp1985030
Production of secondary metabolites is determined by genes localized on chromosomes and also on extrachromosomal particles. The level of production is often determined by the amount of enzymes of secondary metabolism in cells. These enzymes are synthesized after exhaustion of rapidly utilizable source of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. Their synthesis is often inhibited by metabolites produced by these enzymes. These products can also inhibit the activity of enzymes of primary metabolism as well as the activity of enzymes of secondary metabolism.(In Czech, English summary only)
Preparation of lysine by mutants Corynebacterium.Peer-reviewed article
J. PLACHÝ, S. ULBERT
Kvasny Prum. 1985; 31(7-8): 159-161 | DOI: 10.18832/kp1985031
Two lysine analogues containing chlorine (2-monochlorcaprolactam, chlorlysine) were compared from the point of view of their capability to select mutants producing lysine. The mutant Corynebaterium glutamicum 9366-AEC/100/CHL-37 was selected which was resistant to chlorlysine and was able to produce 45 g/l lysine after 4 days cultivation in 20l fermentor.(In Czech, English summary only)
Some problems of the biogenesis of oligoether coccidiostaics.Peer-reviewed article
J. CUDLÍN, N. STEINEROVÁ, Z. VANĚK
Kvasny Prum. 1985; 31(7-8): 161-162 | DOI: 10.18832/kp1985032
Although the biogenesis of ketide-type oligoethers (involving a series of important coccidiostatics) starts from simple building units, it offers many interesting questions.(In Czech, English summary only)
Biosynthesis of monensins and regulatory mutants of Streptomyces cinnamonensis.Peer-reviewed article
S. POSPÍŠIL, Z. VANĚK, V. KRUMPHANZL
Kvasny Prum. 1985; 31(7-8): 162-163 | DOI: 10.18832/kp1985033
The paper concentrates the results achieved during biosynthetic studies of the polyether antibiotics monensin A and B. On the base of the recognized role of branched aminoacids within the synthesis of these metabolites, there have been prepared regulatory mutants of S. cinnamonensis producing monensin A prodominantly. This antibiotic is a potent coccidiostatic agent.(In Czech, English summary only)
Influence of the fermentation conditions on the formation of Penicillia morphology.Peer-reviewed article
V. MATELOVÁ
Kvasny Prum. 1985; 31(7-8): 163-165 | DOI: 10.18832/kp1985034
The fermentation conditions affections the morphological forms of Penicillia were studied; it was found the mycelium character to be genetically fixed and, the fermentation conditions only to cooperate in completing the actual morphology pictures. The relationship was analysed between the mycelium morphology and the productive activity of the culture. The morphologic properties were specified that determine the usefulness of the producing strains in the penicillin production.(In Czech, English summary only)
Cefalosporin C fermentation - metabolism control.Peer-reviewed article
J. RAKYTA, L. WELWARD, R. KOŠALKO
Kvasny Prum. 1985; 31(7-8): 165-167 | DOI: 10.18832/kp1985035
The process of cephalosporin C fermentation where fats are utilized as a main source of carbon is needs very enough aeration. The concentration of dissolved oxygen is one of the principal parameters for cephalosporin C production. There was developed a scheme for soya fat dosing in relation with the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the fermentation broth which enables the maintenance of an optimal concentration of O2 during the whole time of fermentation in the conditions of satisfactory saturation of the culture with carbon sources and a good CFS-C yield.(In Slovak, English summary only)
Biotechnological aspects of microbial transformations.Peer-reviewed article
J. FUSKA
Kvasny Prum. 1985; 31(7-8): 167-168 | DOI: 10.18832/kp1985036
Biotransformations are biological processes catalyzed by microorganisms. They represent the progressive and economical advantageous biotechnology. Their performance depends on the used substrate, microorganism, medium and conditions of cultivation. They have an extensive exploitation in pharmaceutical and food industry as well as in organic synthesis.(In Slovak, English summary only)
Controlled evolution of utilization of unnatural substrates by bacteria.Peer-reviewed article
P. KYSLÍK
Kvasny Prum. 1985; 31(7-8): 169-170 | DOI: 10.18832/kp1985037
The mutants with new phenotype are selected and accumulated in batch and continuous cultures if the growth of prokaryotes is limited by a source of carbon and energy rarely-existing in nature, by an unnatural substrate. Such a phenotype is a result of the presence of new enzyme activity and changes in the regulation of the expression of operons of catabolic endoenzymes. The culture response to the selection pressure has no occasional character and is subjected to define laws.(In Czech, English summary only)
Biofilm anaerobic reactors for yeast-plant waste-water treatment.Peer-reviewed article
M. DOHÁNYOS, P. MARTAN, J. ZÁBRANSKÁ
Kvasny Prum. 1985; 31(7-8): 170-172 | DOI: 10.18832/kp1985038
Biofilm anaerobic reactors were used for laboratory and pilot plant experiments with the treatment of yeast-plant waste waters. The aim was to determine an appropriate range of fundamental technological parameters. The reactors showed a high operating stability and treatment efficiency. For a substrate concentration of 10-15 g. l-1, the values found were as follows: biogas specific production - 0.53 l . g -1 COD; methane content in biogas - 83 %; COD treatment efficiency - 65-80 %; retention limit - 1.5-4 days.(In Czech, English summary only)
Biofilm anaerobic reactors for yeast-plant waste-water treatment.Peer-reviewed article
O. VOLFOVÁ, M. HAVLÍKOVÁ
Kvasny Prum. 1985; 31(7-8): 172-174 | DOI: 10.18832/kp1985039
Methanol has recently become an interesting raw material for biotechnology inCzechoslovakia. The comparison of the technological processes of the SCP producing indicated that the yeast processes are more advantageous that bacterial ones. As inCzechoslovakiathere is a long time experience in technology of yeast processes and in the production of the corresponding industrial equipment the research in the area of methanol biotechnology has been oriented to the production of yeast proteins. The article is concluded by a review concerned with other microbial products from methanol.(In Czech, English summary only)
Utilization of lignocelluloses wastes in permentation processes.Peer-reviewed article
G. BASAŘOVÁ, J. PLECHOVÁ, J. UHER
Kvasny Prum. 1985; 31(7-8): 174-176 | DOI: 10.18832/kp1985040
The production of yeast biomass and ethanol was tested on various hydrolysates of lignocelluloses waste materials. Before a microbial cultivation the hydrolysates were analysed and pretreated. With respect to the complex utilization of these materials essential oils, chlorophyll-vitamins extracts and further biological active components were isolated from a residual phytomass.(In Czech, English summary only)
Cefalosporin C fermentation - metabolism control.Peer-reviewed article
J. HOLOTA, P. BAXA
Kvasny Prum. 1985; 31(7-8): 176-177 | DOI: 10.18832/kp1985041
Suitability of wood and various lignocellulosic materials in biotechnological processes has been tested by two basic technologies, e.g. by hydrolysis and hydrocraking. Interesting are the results af experiments with wood material coming from forest areas polluted by acid rain of oak-wilt, which seems to give equal results (in some cases even better) in comparison with that coming from healthy forests.(In Slovak, English summary only)
Surface cultivation in plastic tags and their possible utilization on industrial level.Peer-reviewed article
J. KYBAL
Kvasny Prum. 1985; 31(7-8): 177-180 | DOI: 10.18832/kp1985042
Industrially acceptable device for stationary surface cultivation of filamentous fungi under sterile conditions is described. Surface cultivation in plastic cushions in especially advantageous for the biosynthesis of ergot alkaloids and for the production of spores in large quantities, used for inoculation or as active agents of mykoinsekticides.(In Czech, English summary only)
The complex exploitation of biomass of fresh-water, green algae.Peer-reviewed article
M. PODOJIL, T. ŘEZANKA, V. POTÁPEK, K. BALÁK
Kvasny Prum. 1985; 31(7-8): 180-182 | DOI: 10.18832/kp1985043
Economy of the preparation of algae biomass requires to make full use of the lipidic fraction, too. The amount of it reaches up to 20 % of the dry-weight. The isolation and analysis of this fraction was designed including the separation onto individual groups of compounds. Also the possibility of medical use of these fractions was studied.(In Czech, English summary only)
Some microbial and biotechnological problems in wine making.Peer-reviewed article
E. MINÁRIK
Kvasny Prum. 1985; 31(7-8): 182-184 | DOI: 10.18832/kp1985044
Based on detailed ecological research on the microflora of bottled wines the importance of increased biological stability of wines by suitable physical treatment is underlined. Results of long-term research on the stimulation of alcoholic fermentation of grape must under unfavourable fermentation conditions by different activators are given. The importance of decrease of extraneous substance in must and wine from the point of view of reducing SO2 content in wines and possibilities of its substitution in wine making in discussed.(In Slovak, English summary only)
Biomass producing in water ecosystems.Peer-reviewed article
V. STRAŠKRÁBOVÁ
Kvasny Prum. 1985; 31(7-8): 184-185 | DOI: 10.18832/kp1985045
Pollution of surface waters resulted in biomass production whose yield and structure is determined by the chemical energy input and by the conditions of turbulence, flushing rate, shape and depth of the recipient etc. the relationships could be quantified, which provide a basis for managing an optimum production and structure of biomass with the aid of ecotechnology and biomanipulation.(In Czech, English summary only)
Engineering aspects of industrial enzyme production.Peer-reviewed article
J. KUČERA
Kvasny Prum. 1985; 31(7-8): 185-188 | DOI: 10.18832/kp1985046
A great variety of data describing the process are needed for the optimalization of industrial enzyme production. The enzyme industry have drown its technological background from the production of antibiotics and adds some new principles to them, namely in the field of regulation and automatization. The methods of optimalization of the cultivation process are described in the review, as well as the methods for the determination of the parameters needed. The basic equipment of the fermentors are described in short for the research as well as production fermentors.(In Czech, English summary only)
Engineering -physiological analysis of transient states in continuous culture of Candida utilis.Peer-reviewed article
D. VRANÁ, J. VOTRUBA, I. HAVLÍK, M. SOBOTKA
Kvasny Prum. 1985; 31(7-8): 188-191 | DOI: 10.18832/kp1985047
The cyclic continuous culture of Candida utilis was used for a simulation of feeding disturbances and nonideal miking on physiological state of microbial culture. It was found that by the transient substrate limitation in cyclic continuous culture the protein content in biomass was mostly influenced. Mean volume and surface of cells have not been changed by cyclic substrate feeding strategy. The starvation caused by stopping in substrate feed has the long-term effect on the relative age distribution of the population.(In Czech, English summary only)
Problems of automatic control systems in biotechnologies.Peer-reviewed article
V. SOBOTKA
Kvasny Prum. 1985; 31(7-8): 191-194 | DOI: 10.18832/kp1985048
The first part of the paper deals with present state of date acquisition and further use of data and with methods of simulation and control of the fermentation processes. The main problems in the mentioned directions are stressed and the probable ways of future development are shown. The second part is devoted to description of the realized system for data collection and control of the fermentor tank with a big volume capacity. The principles of the computer construction both hardware and software are mentioned. The main information about the used and developed user's tasks for monitoring. Research and control of the fermentation is given.(In Czech,...
The research base VÚCHZ Brno and the aseptic testing room under construction.Peer-reviewed article
Z. MAŠEK, B. NĚMEČEK
Kvasny Prum. 1985; 31(7-8): 195-197 | DOI: 10.18832/kp1985049
VÚCHZ Brno is involved in the research and development of process equipment for selected technological processes. In this paper, attained results of the experimental program and its realization, especially in the field of fermenters, evaporating units and fluid-bed dryers, are summarized. To ensure the complex solving of research tasks, the new aseptic testing room is being built. The aims followed by realization of this project, are discussed.(In Czech, English summary only)
Possibility and necessity of mashine research for realization new biotechnologies.Peer-reviewed article
J. ŠVANDA
Kvasny Prum. 1985; 31(7-8): 197-200 | DOI: 10.18832/kp1985050
The production of large-scale fermentors has been successfully introduced by the Czechoslovak mechanical engineering. The operation of the fermentors with a capacity of 800 m3 fitted with three stirring units has been tested resulting satisfactorily as well as that of the tree stage film evaporator arranged with the thermocompressor to produce yeast milk. The performance of the formed equipment is 24 000 t SCP per year the production being obtained from waste sulfite liquors. The performance of the latter is 10.7 t evaporated water per hour the yeast milk being thickened from 14 mass % of dry matter to 25 mass %. Actually, the research...